The German Bundesliga and its national team over the last few years have certainly stamped their authority and etched their places in the hearts of football fans. Their development of local talent, stable financial model and a large loyal fan-base has helped German clubs face-off against the best of Europe while Die Mannschaft has been one of the leading football nations. Bundesliga clubs recorded the highest match-day attendance last season while also topping the goal per match ratio. Two Bundesliga clubs featured in the Champions League final last time around while the overall performance of the others has been fairlyAi??impressive.
But much of this new found success of the German clubs and the national team has been spearheaded by clubs and players coming from the west of Germany while the significance of the region of the former East Germany has been dwindling. On this very month, 24 years back, the Berlin Wall came down that led to the unification of Germany and allowed East German clubs to participate in the Bundesliga. But it has far from been a smooth transition for the members of the defunct DDR-Oberliga with no clubs from the former state of German Democratic Republic (former East Germany) present in the German 1.Bundesliga currently. FC Energie Cottbus were the last East German club to compete in the Bundesliga and this was back in the 2008-2009 season.
Under the Soviet run German Democratic Republic, the DDR-Oberliga clubs were largely state run and affiliated with one or the other state run departments. The concept of community sports or Betriebssportgemeinschaft was introduced by the Soviet run government as a way to connect the people of East Germany and industrial establishments to sporting clubs in a region that scarcely knew the ideologies of socialism. Clubs whose name started with Dynamo were associated with police organizations while the clubs with VorwAi??rts in their names had links with the army. Clubs like 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig and BSG Lokomotive Stendal were associated with railway departments while independent or privately owned sides like Rotation Babelsberg, FC Magdeburg , FC Carl Zeiss Jena and others thrived as well, though to a lesser extent.
For a nation that hadnai??i??t seen socialism or communism pre World War II, the idea of state run sports organizations was entirely new. For one thing they no longer had to depend on industrial investments or sponsors for the running of the club and the only thing that mattered to these state run football clubs was winning trophies. The establishment of the East German Football league system (Deutscher Sportausschuss Oberliga) saw the rise of the DDR-Oberliga (East Germanyai??i??s top flight) that gave an excellent platform for the clubs to compete and also venture out into European adventures. Berliner FC Dynamo were the most successful club winning 10 straight titles (A German record) from 1979 to 1988 while others such as Dynamo Dresden, ASK VorwAi??rts Berlin, FC VorwAi??rts Berlin, 1. FC Magdeburg and SC Wismut Karl Marx Stadt were also fairly successful. FC Madeburg remains the only East German club to win a European honour when they beat AC Milan to win the 1974 UEFA Cup Winners Cup. This was also a period that saw East German national team competing internationally and they beat their counterparts West Germany in the 1974 World cup which the latter eventually won.
The unification in 1989 brought about the merger of West and East giving the new nation a better chance of prosperity and growth but also spelling the doom of East German clubs. These clubs who had thrived so well as state run entities and were financially stable under the rule of communism suddenly found themselves thrown into the world of capitalism that was poles apart from their own system. With no backing from the state and having to compete against privately owned rich clubs of the West, the former Oberliga clubs had quite a task in holding onto their star players. Names like Matthias Sammer, Ballack. Kirsten moved west to find better opportunities. With changes in the economic system, East German society struggled to cope with their new richer compatriots and this was reflected on their football clubs. Names such as Berliner FC Dynamo and Dynamo Dresden found themselves plummeting down the football league system due to financial instability while anti-socialists Union Berlin and independent clubs like Hansa Rostock and Magdeburg found it hard to attract investments and stars.
In the first unified season, Hansa Rostock and Dynamo Dresden competed from East Germany with the former getting relegated while the latter held onto to top flight football with the skin of their teeth. Since then, it has been a constant battle for the former East German sides to hold onto their Bundesliga status. VfB Leipzig, Dynamo Dresden and in recent memory, Hansa Rostock and Energie Cottbus have made cameo appearances but have failed to match the financial stability and structure of the western clubs to keep them in the top flight.
Adapting and the rise
But with all said and done, it is not all dark and done and dusted for the clubs from East of Germany. Sides of the former Oberliga have in recent past shown that they are keen to shred their ties to communism and socialism and move on to existing models of the modern world. The 2.Bundesliga currently has 4 members in the form of Union Berlin, Dynamo Dresden, Energie Cottbus and FC Erzgebirge Aue with all being involved in promotion battles over the last 2 seasons. 3.Liga, Germanyai??i??s third tier has 5 clubs from the east of the nation, with Red Bull Leipzig and Hansa Rostock being the notable names.
One of the important changes the clubs have taken to is the development of youth academy and adopting of some of the financial models of their western counterparts. With no serious inflow of investments, the clubs have stuck to what they have at their disposal, aiming to move up the league system in a gradual manner. Pioneers in adapting to such models have been the capital cityai??i??s second side Union Berlin and Energie Cottbus. The latter have lost quite a bid of ground since their relegation but have done themselves well by holding on to the 2.Bundesliga status. It is quite saddening to see Hansa Rostock on the decline, but with successful financial models being adapted all over the country, it can only be assumed Rostock will find their way back into the big leagues. One factor that will definitely aid some of the sides from the east of Germany is the fan support they still enjoy despite their declining fortunes. As is the tradition with some German clubs, eastern clubs such as Union Berlin, Dynamo Dresden and Rostock still enjoy a large loyal following and last season clocked around 13000 to 15000 crowds attending games.
Yet another model that has emerged, though not quite popular in Germany is large investments flowing into building a solid foundation for clubs. The phenomenal rise of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim who were languishing in division 5 in 2000 to their promotion to 1.Bundesliga in 2008 is quite some story. Hoffenheim were aided by the large funds poured in by lifelong supporter and SAP system co-founder Dietmar Hopp back at the turn of the millennium and the village side havenai??i??t turned back since then. Recently energy drink makers Red Bull have embarked on a similar project in the city of Leipzig. After their successful experiments at Red Bull Salzburg and Red Bull New York, the company took over matters in 2009 in the handling SSV MarkranstAi??dt, a club with no success and limited fan base. The re-modeled RB Leipzig have seen 2 promotions in 3 years and are currently plying their trade in 3.Liga.
The business of football is quite unforgiving in todayai??i??s world and the clubs from the east of the country have quite a bit of struggle to endure before they can compete against the big boys of the top tier. For now the only logical approach after the economical jolt they received in 1989, is to build from scratch and to so that on a stable platform. Of course some might be lucky to see a Red Bull or a Dietmar Hopp help them realize their dreams. The German Bundesligaai??i??s recent history has seen Bayern from Bavaria, Dortmund, Leverkusen and Schalke from the North Rhine-Westphalia and Bremen and Hamburg from the north having a big say in the top flight. The successes of the west German clubs and the stable models will surly inspire the eastern ones to adapt the same and make it to the top flight. But for now that might be sometime away.
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